Scientific research is grey
A key reason why flaws and deceit are rampant in research is that there are no straightforward yes/no answers to all studies. A few decades back, in the early 1990s, there was compelling evidence that beta-carotene protected against cancer. Laboratory studies, animal studies, observational studies – everything was in favour of this antioxidant found in fruits and vegetables. Many scientists themselves took beta-carotene supplements. Then came three large clinical trials that were conducted on heavy smokers and asbestos workers, and the beta-carotene hypothesis crumbled. The trials concluded that not only beta-carotene failed to protect against cancer, but also increased its risk for some patients. Statins have an opposite story. The USFDA warns on statin labels that they may cause memory loss. But a recently-concluded six-year study led by Syndey’s Garvan Institute of Medical Research reveals no link between the two. Who and what do you believe? And can we...